영어 회화의 핵심! Phrasal Verbs 완전 정복
**구동사(phrasal verbs)**는 원어민처럼 자연스럽게 말하고 싶다면 꼭 익혀야 할 표현입니다.
이 글에서는 구동사의 개념부터 자주 쓰는 표현, 예문, 암기 팁까지 완벽 정리해드릴게요.
📌 구동사(Phrasal Verbs)란?
**구동사(Phrasal verbs)**란 동사 + 전치사 또는 부사(혹은 둘 다)가 결합되어 특정한 의미를 가지는 표현입니다.
예를 들어, **“give up”**은 단순히 “주다 + 위로”가 아니라 **“포기하다”**라는 전혀 다른 의미로 사용되죠.
👉 영어에서 구동사는 일상 회화에서 매우 자주 등장하므로, 익혀두면 말하기, 듣기 능력이 확실히 향상됩니다.
✅ 구동사의 특징
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뜻을 예측하기 어려운 경우가 많다
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“look up” = 위를 보다 ❌ → (사전에서) 찾다 ✅
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동사와 부사/전치사를 분리해서 쓰는 경우도 있다
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She turned off the TV.
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She turned the TV off.
아래는 **50개의 자주 쓰이는 Phrasal Verbs(구동사)**를 **10개씩 5그룹(Group)**으로 분류한 목록입니다. 각 그룹은 의미나 쓰임에 따라 나누었으며, 구동사 – 뜻 – 예문 순서로 구성했습니다.
🔹 Group 1: 일상 행동 (Everyday Actions)
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wake up – 잠에서 깨다 – I wake up at 7 every day.
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get up – 일어나다 – She got up late this morning.
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wash up – 손/얼굴 씻다 – Go wash up before dinner.
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get dressed – 옷을 입다 – He got dressed quickly.
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put on – 착용하다 – She put on her coat.
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take off – 벗다 – Please take off your shoes.
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sit down – 앉다 – Sit down and relax.
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stand up – 일어나다 – He stood up to speak.
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lie down – 눕다 – I want to lie down for a while.
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go out – 외출하다 – Let's go out tonight.
wake up – 잠에서 깨다 – I wake up at 7 every day.
get up – 일어나다 – She got up late this morning.
wash up – 손/얼굴 씻다 – Go wash up before dinner.
get dressed – 옷을 입다 – He got dressed quickly.
put on – 착용하다 – She put on her coat.
take off – 벗다 – Please take off your shoes.
sit down – 앉다 – Sit down and relax.
stand up – 일어나다 – He stood up to speak.
lie down – 눕다 – I want to lie down for a while.
go out – 외출하다 – Let's go out tonight.
🔹 Group 2: 일/공부 관련 (Work & Study)
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hand in – 제출하다 – I handed in my homework.
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write down – 적다 – Write down the number.
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look over – 검토하다 – I’ll look over your report.
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turn in – 제출하다 – She turned in her resignation.
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fill out – 작성하다 – Please fill out this form.
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drop out (of) – 중도에 그만두다 – He dropped out of college.
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catch up (on) – 따라잡다 – I need to catch up on my reading.
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go over – 검토하다 – Let’s go over the details.
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take up – (공부나 취미를) 시작하다 – I took up yoga.
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find out – 알아내다 – I found out the truth.
hand in – 제출하다 – I handed in my homework.
write down – 적다 – Write down the number.
look over – 검토하다 – I’ll look over your report.
turn in – 제출하다 – She turned in her resignation.
fill out – 작성하다 – Please fill out this form.
drop out (of) – 중도에 그만두다 – He dropped out of college.
catch up (on) – 따라잡다 – I need to catch up on my reading.
go over – 검토하다 – Let’s go over the details.
take up – (공부나 취미를) 시작하다 – I took up yoga.
find out – 알아내다 – I found out the truth.
🔹 Group 3: 사람/관계 관련 (Relationships & People)
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get along (with) – 잘 지내다 – I get along with my neighbors.
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break up (with) – 헤어지다 – They broke up last week.
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make up – 화해하다 – They made up after the fight.
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fall out (with) – 다투다 – He fell out with his brother.
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hang out (with) – 어울리다 – I like hanging out with friends.
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run into – 우연히 만나다 – I ran into my old friend.
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ask out – 데이트 신청하다 – He asked her out.
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go out (with) – 사귀다 – They’ve been going out for a year.
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split up – 헤어지다 – They split up after 3 years.
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look after – 돌보다 – She looks after her grandmother.
get along (with) – 잘 지내다 – I get along with my neighbors.
break up (with) – 헤어지다 – They broke up last week.
make up – 화해하다 – They made up after the fight.
fall out (with) – 다투다 – He fell out with his brother.
hang out (with) – 어울리다 – I like hanging out with friends.
run into – 우연히 만나다 – I ran into my old friend.
ask out – 데이트 신청하다 – He asked her out.
go out (with) – 사귀다 – They’ve been going out for a year.
split up – 헤어지다 – They split up after 3 years.
look after – 돌보다 – She looks after her grandmother.
🔹 Group 4: 감정 표현 (Feelings & Reactions)
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cheer up – 기운 내다 – Cheer up! Things will get better.
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calm down – 진정하다 – Please calm down.
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freak out – 깜짝 놀라다, 겁먹다 – He freaked out when he saw the snake.
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blow up – 화내다 – He blew up at his friend.
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break down – 무너지다 (감정적으로) – She broke down in tears.
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let down – 실망시키다 – He let me down.
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open up – 마음을 열다 – She finally opened up to me.
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pull yourself together – 정신 차리다 – You need to pull yourself together.
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light up – (얼굴이) 환해지다 – Her face lit up with joy.
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choke up – 목이 메다 – I choked up during the speech.
cheer up – 기운 내다 – Cheer up! Things will get better.
calm down – 진정하다 – Please calm down.
freak out – 깜짝 놀라다, 겁먹다 – He freaked out when he saw the snake.
blow up – 화내다 – He blew up at his friend.
break down – 무너지다 (감정적으로) – She broke down in tears.
let down – 실망시키다 – He let me down.
open up – 마음을 열다 – She finally opened up to me.
pull yourself together – 정신 차리다 – You need to pull yourself together.
light up – (얼굴이) 환해지다 – Her face lit up with joy.
choke up – 목이 메다 – I choked up during the speech.
🔹 Group 5: 소통 & 대화 (Communication)
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speak up – 더 크게 말하다 – Please speak up.
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shut up – 조용히 하다 – Shut up and listen!
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bring up – 언급하다 – Don’t bring that up again.
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talk over – 논의하다 – Let’s talk it over.
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cut in – 끼어들다 – He cut in while I was speaking.
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butt in – 불쑥 끼어들다 – Don’t butt in our conversation.
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get across – 이해시키다 – I couldn’t get my point across.
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speak out – 공개적으로 말하다 – She spoke out against injustice.
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talk back – 말대꾸하다 – Don’t talk back to your teacher.
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go on (about) – 계속 말하다 – He went on about his job all night.
speak up – 더 크게 말하다 – Please speak up.
shut up – 조용히 하다 – Shut up and listen!
bring up – 언급하다 – Don’t bring that up again.
talk over – 논의하다 – Let’s talk it over.
cut in – 끼어들다 – He cut in while I was speaking.
butt in – 불쑥 끼어들다 – Don’t butt in our conversation.
get across – 이해시키다 – I couldn’t get my point across.
speak out – 공개적으로 말하다 – She spoke out against injustice.
talk back – 말대꾸하다 – Don’t talk back to your teacher.
go on (about) – 계속 말하다 – He went on about his job all night.
🔍 구동사 암기 꿀팁
구동사를 효과적으로 익히려면 아래 방법들을 활용해보세요.
1. 문맥 속에서 외우기
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단어만 외우기보다는 예문 통째로 암기하면 기억에 오래 남아요.
예: “He gave up drinking.” → ‘그는 술을 끊었다.’
2. 카테고리로 분류해서 외우기
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비슷한 의미끼리 묶어서 외우면 훨씬 쉬워요.
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‘포기’ 관련: give up, back down
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‘계속’ 관련: go on, carry on, keep on
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3. 동영상이나 영화에서 자주 듣기
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유튜브 영어 회화 영상, 미드, 넷플릭스 등을 보며 실제 사용 장면을 보는 것이 가장 좋습니다.
🎯 Phrasal Verbs vs 일반 동사
많은 학습자가 혼란스러워하는 부분 중 하나는, 일반 동사와 구동사의 차이입니다. 아래 표를 참고하세요.
일반 동사 | 구동사 | 의미 차이 |
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stop | give up | stop은 ‘멈추다’, give up은 ‘포기하다’로 더 강한 의미 전달 |
search | look for | search는 ‘탐색하다’지만, look for는 더 일반적인 ‘찾다’의 의미 |
cancel | call off | cancel은 공식적인 느낌, call off는 회화체에서 자주 사용 |
💬 원어민처럼 말해보자! 실전 회화 예문
1. A: Did you finish the report?
B: No, I gave up. It was too hard.
→ A: 리포트 끝냈어?
→ B: 아니, 포기했어. 너무 어렵더라.
2. A: What are you looking for?
B: My phone! I think I lost it.
→ A: 뭐 찾고 있어?
→ B: 핸드폰! 잃어버린 것 같아.
3. A: Can you turn off the light?
B: Sure!
→ A: 불 꺼줄 수 있어?
→ B: 물론이지!
🧠 구동사 퀴즈 (직접 테스트해보세요!)
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“He __________ smoking last year.”
a) put on
b) gave up
c) picked up -
“Let’s __________ this weekend.”
a) hang out
b) give up
c) look for -
“I need to __________ my keys.”
a) get along
b) wake up
c) look for
👇정답은 맨 아래에서 확인하세요!
📝 마무리 정리
✅ **구동사(Phrasal verbs)**는 영어 실력을 한 단계 높이는 핵심 표현입니다.
✅ 단어별로 암기하지 말고 문맥 속에서 익히고 반복 연습하는 것이 중요합니다.
✅ 일상 대화, 드라마, 영화 등에서 자주 접하며 자연스럽게 체화하세요!
✅ 정답 확인
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b) gave up
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a) hang out
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